Table of Contents

Part I: Reading the World

Education

1. *Greek Schoolchildren (460 BCE)

2. Hsün Tzu: "Encouraging Learning" (circa 250 BCE)

3. *Seneca: "On Liberal and Vocational Studies" (ca. 55 CE)

4. Al Ghazali: "Manners to Be Observed by Teachers and Students"
(1096)

5. Page from the New England Primer (1777)

6. Mary Wollstonecraft: "National Education" (1791)

7. Frederick Douglass: "Learning to Read and Write" (1845)

8. John Henry Newman: "Knowledge Its Own End" (1852)

9. Paulo Freire: "The Banking Concept of Education" (1970, revised
1993)

10. *Richard Feynman: "O Americano, Outra Vez" (1985)

11. *Kisautaq Leona Okakok: "Education: A Lifelong Process"
(1989)

Human Nature

1. Shrine of the Dead Man (14,000 BCE)

2. *Plato: "The Speech of Aristophanes" (385 BCE)

3. Mencius: "Man's Nature is Good" (circa 300 BCE)

4. Hsun Tzu: "Man's Nature Is Evil" (circa 300 BCE)

5. *Nâgârjuna: "The Precious Garland" (circa 200
BCE)

6. *Leonardo da Vinci: Vitruvian Man (1487)

7. Thomas Hobbes: from Leviathan (1651)

8. Igbo Mother and Child (19th-20th century)

9. Ruth Benedict: "The Individual and the Pattern of Culture"
(1934)

10. *Edward O. Wilson: "The Fitness of Human Nature" (1988)

Law and Government

1. The Papyrus of Ani (1240 BCE)

2. Lao Tzu: from the Tao te Ching (400 BCE)

3. *Abu Nasr al-Farabi: "On the Perfect State" (circa 900)

4. Christine de Pizan: from The Treasure of the City of Ladies
(1405)

5. Niccoló Machiavelli: from The Prince (1513)

6. *Lin Tse-hsü: "A Letter to Queen Victoria" (1839)

7. Leni Riefenstahl: Triumph of the Will (1935)

8. Martin Luther King Jr.: "Letter from Birmingham Jail"
(1963)

9. Aung San Suu Kyi: "In Quest of Democracy" (1990)

10. *Desmond Tutu: "Nuremberg or National Amnesia: A Third Way"
(1997)

War and Peace

1. Sun Tzu: from The Art of War (400-320 BCE)

2. *Mo Tzu: "Against Offensive Warfare" (circa 425 BCE)

3. St. Thomas Aquinas: from Summa Theologica (1265-74)

4. *Progress of an Aztec Warrior (1541)

5. Eugène Delacroix: Liberty Leading the People (1830)

6. Pablo Picasso: Guernica (1937)

7. Margaret Mead: "Warfare: An Invention-Not a Biological
Necessity" (1940)

8. George Orwell: "Pacifism and the War" (1942)

9. *Kenzaburo Oe: "The Unsurrendered People" (1965)

10. Jean Bethke Elshtain: "What Is a Just War?" (2003)

Wealth, Poverty, and Social Class

1. Mo Tzu: "Against Music" (circa 425 BCE)

2. New Testament: Luke, Chapter 16 (circa 90 CE)

3. William Hogarth: Gin Lane (1751)

4. Thomas Malthus: from Essay on the Principle of Population
(1798)

5. Mohandas K. Gandhi: "Economic and Moral Progress" (1916)

6. *Dorothea Lange: "Migrant Mother" (1936)

7. Octavio Paz: "The Day of the Dead" (1961)

8. *Lucy Lameck: "Africans Are Not Poor" (1965)

9. Garrett Hardin: "Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the
Poor" (1974)

10. *Muhammad Yunus: "The Stool Makers of Jobra Village"
(1999)

11. *Barack Obama: "A More Perfect Union" (2008)

Science and Nature

1. Cosmological Chart of Ptolemy's Universe (circa 150 BCE)

2. *Beatus Map (776 CE)

3. Averroës: from On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy
(1190 CE)

4. *Moses Maimonides: "The Guide for the Perplexed" (circa
1200)

5. Joseph Wright of Derby: An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump
(1768)

6. Charles Darwin: "Natural Selection" (1859)

7. Rachel Carson: "The Obligation to Endure" (1962)

8. *David Suzuki: "The Sacred Balance" (1997)

9. Matthieu Ricard and Trinh Xuan Thuan: "The Universe in a Grain
of Sand" (2001)

10. *Al Gore: "The Climate Emergency" (2004)

11. *The Galaxy Cluster Abell 2667 (2007)

Language and Rhetoric

1. *Aspasia: "Pericles' Funeral Oration" (circa 387 BCE)

2. Plato: from Gorgias (380 BCE)

3. Aristotle: from Rhetoric (350 BCE)

4. *Gertrude Buck: "The Present State of Rhetorical Theory"
(1900)

5. Norman Rockwell: Freedom of Speech (1943)

6. Chinua Achebe: "Language and the Destiny of Man" (1972)

7. Ad for Chinese Population Policy (1980)

8. *N. Scott Momaday, "The Power and Beauty of Language"
(1987)

9. Gloria Anzaldua: "How to Tame a Wild Tongue" (1987)

10. *Toni Morrison, "Nobel Lecture" (1993)

Part II: A Guide to Reading and Writing

Reading Ideas

1. Prereading

2. Annotating

3. Identifying Patterns

4. Reading Visual Texts

5. Summarizing

6. Reading with a Critical Eye

Generating Ideas

1. Considering Expectations

2. Exploring Your Topic

3. Achieving Subtlety

Structuring Ideas

1. Thesis Statements

2. Introductions

3. Transitions

4. Conclusions

Supporting Ideas

1. Supporting Claims

2. Logos: Appealing to Reason

3. Pathos: Emotional Appeals

4. The Writer's Ethos

Synthesizing Ideas

1. Summarizing Multiple Sources

2. Comparing and Contrasting

3. Finding Themes and Patterns

4. Synthesizing Ideas to Form Your Own Argument

Incorporating Ideas

1. Finding Sources

2. Finding and Evaluating Sources

3. Quoting, Summarizing, and Paraphrasing

4. Giving Credit through Proper Attribution

Revising and Editing

1. Rethinking

2. Rewriting

3. Editing
*new to this edition

About the Author

Michael Austin (Ph.D., University of California at Santa Barbara) is Provost and Executive Vice President for Academic Affairs at University of Evansville. Before moving to Evansville, he was Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs at Newman University (Kansas), and before that, Dean of Graduate Studies at Shepherd University (West Virginia) where he taught composition, world literature, and British literature. In addition to Reading the World, he is the author of several books, including A Voice in the Wilderness: Conversations with Terry Tempest Williams.