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The Making of the Modern Refugee is a comprehensive history of global population displacement in the twentieth century. It takes a new approach to the subject, exploring its causes, consequences, and meanings. History, the author shows, provides important clues to understanding how the idea of refugees as a 'problem' embedded itself in the minds of policy-makers and the public, and poses a series of fundamental questions about the nature of enforced
migration and how it has shaped society throughout the twentieth century across a broad geographical area - from Europe and the Middle East to South Asia, South-East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Wars, revolutions,
and state formation are invoked as the main causal explanations of displacement, and are considered alongside the emergence of a twentieth-century refugee regime linking governmental practices, professional expertise, and humanitarian relief efforts. This new study rests upon scholarship from several disciplines and draws extensively upon oral testimony, eye-witness accounts, and film, as well as unpublished source material in the archives of governments, international
organisations, and non-governmental organisations. The Making of the Modern Refugee explores the significance that refugees attached to the places they left behind, to their journeys, and to their
destinations - in short, how refugees helped to interpret and fashion their own history.
The Making of the Modern Refugee is a comprehensive history of global population displacement in the twentieth century. It takes a new approach to the subject, exploring its causes, consequences, and meanings. History, the author shows, provides important clues to understanding how the idea of refugees as a 'problem' embedded itself in the minds of policy-makers and the public, and poses a series of fundamental questions about the nature of enforced
migration and how it has shaped society throughout the twentieth century across a broad geographical area - from Europe and the Middle East to South Asia, South-East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Wars, revolutions,
and state formation are invoked as the main causal explanations of displacement, and are considered alongside the emergence of a twentieth-century refugee regime linking governmental practices, professional expertise, and humanitarian relief efforts. This new study rests upon scholarship from several disciplines and draws extensively upon oral testimony, eye-witness accounts, and film, as well as unpublished source material in the archives of governments, international
organisations, and non-governmental organisations. The Making of the Modern Refugee explores the significance that refugees attached to the places they left behind, to their journeys, and to their
destinations - in short, how refugees helped to interpret and fashion their own history.
Preface and acknowledgements
List of maps and tables
Introduction: The Making of the Modern Refugee
Part 1: Empires of Refugees
1: Crucibles of Population Displacement before and during the Great
War
2: Nation-states and the Birth of a 'Refugee Problem' in Inter-war
Europe
Part 2: Mid-Century Maelstrom
3: Europe Uprooted: Refugee Crises and 'Durable Solutions' at
Mid-Century
4: 'Nothing Except Commas': Jews, Palestinians, and the Torment of
Displacement
5: Midnight's Refugees? Partition and its Aftermath in India and
Pakistan
6: War and Population Displacement in East Asia, 1937-1950
Part 3: Refugees in the Global Cold War and its Aftermath
7: 'Villages of Discipline': the Cold War and Refugees in
South-East Asia
8: 'Long Road': Africa's Refugees, Decolonisation, and
'Development'
9: 'Some Kind of Freedom': Refugees, Homecoming, and Refugee Voices
in Contemporary History
Conclusion: Refugees and their History
Further Reading
Peter Gatrell was educated at the University of Cambridge. In 1976
he joined the University of Manchester where he is currently
Professor of Economic History and affiliated to new Humanitarian
and Conflict Research Institute. He teaches courses on refugees in
modern world history, Russian economic and social history, the
cultural history of war, and the history of humanitarianism. He is
the author of several books including The Tsarist Economy,
1850-1917
(1986), A Whole Empire Walking: Refugees in Russia during World War
1 (1999), and Free World? The campaign to save the world's
refugees, 1956-1963 (2011).
Peter Gatrell provides an in depth source for not only historians
and researchers in related interdisciplinary fields such as
migration and refugee studies, but also for anyone interested
attempting to develop a better understanding of population
displacement and refugeedom from a historical viewpoint. In this
sense, the book makes a significant contribution as an in-depth
history of the modern refugee.
*- Elif Önol, The Journal of Turkish Weekly*
[a] magisterial survey and analysis ... With extraordinary skill,
Gatrell weaves together the data, political decisions, NGO
programs, refugee regimes, public opinion toward the strangers, and
voices of individual displaced human beings. This study is a model
in showing how the political and the personal are entwined, the
regimes and the (re-)actions of individual men and women
interwoven.
*Dirk Hoerder, Journal of World History*
Peter Gatrell has written a superb book. It is the starting point
for anyone who wants to understand the recent historical roots of
refugees.
*Carl Bon Tempo, American Historical Review*
Gatrell offers a deftly written, comprehensive and at times
heartbreaking account of the mass movement of populations. Drawing
from a rich array of primary and secondary materials, first-hand
accounts and historical reflections, The Making of the Modern
Refugee is a terrific introduction to the history of mass
displacement in the past century.
*Michael Barnett, The European Review of History*
a major contribution to refugee history ... what elevates it is the
author's awareness of refugees themselves ... each chapter could
stand as a reference work on its own. The chapter on
Palestine/Israel [is] a masterful piece of history writing
*Greg Burgess, Social History*
The Making of the Modern Refugee will remain an essential work of
historical synthesis for the foreseeable future that authors will
have to consult before embarking on new research projects.
*Philip Peterson, History*
Gatrell also lets the refugees speak for themselves, which
introduces still more complexity to our understanding of refugees
and allows us to hear the voices of people too often portrayed as
voiceless ...This represents a major contribution to an emerging
body of literature on refugees
*Carl Lindskoog, H-Net*
the book is truly a tour de force [with] a vast scope.
*Frank Caestecker, Economic History Review*
insightful and empathetic ... this is a volume to be
celebrated.
*Mezna Qato, Journal of Palestine Studies*
Highly recommended.
*J. M. Shumway, Choice,*
recommended for anybody frustrated by the parochialism of the
debates about refugees and asylum seekers ... [Peter Gatrell]
emphasises the importance of the global and historical context, and
convincingly sketches it for us.
*Professor Klaus Neumann, The Canberra Times*
The Making of the Modern Refugee deserves a wide readership. Peter
Gatrell has written a challenging book that is simultaneously
meaningful for refugee and displaced communities, academics,
practitioners, policymakers and students interested in
understanding the complex political, economic, social and moral
issues underlying the global refugee phenomenon. This book should
be on many reading lists.
*Gil Loescher, Journal of Refugee Studies*
a wise and complex history ... The wisdom of The Making of the
Modern Refugee is rooted in Gatrell's able adoption of a
dispassionate and straightforward perspective that nonetheless
explicitly recognizes the trauma of loss for refugees ... a key
book that should light the way for more work on displacement and
other forced migrations.
*Leslie Page Moch, Journal of Modern History*
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