Do cell phones cause brain cancer? Does BPA threaten our health? How safe are certain dietary supplements, especially those containing exotic herbs or small amounts of toxic substances? Is the HPV vaccine safe? We depend on science and medicine as never before, yet there is widespread misinformation and confusion, amplified by the media, regarding what influences our health. In Getting Risk Right, Geoffrey C. Kabat shows how science works-and sometimes doesn't-and what separates these two very different outcomes.
Kabat seeks to help us distinguish between claims that are supported by solid science and those that are the result of poorly designed or misinterpreted studies. By exploring different examples, he explains why certain risks are worth worrying about, while others are not. He emphasizes the variable quality of research in contested areas of health risks, as well as the professional, political, and methodological factors that can distort the research process. Drawing on recent systematic critiques of biomedical research and on insights from behavioral psychology, Getting Risk Right examines factors both internal and external to the science that can influence what results get attention and how questionable results can be used to support a particular narrative concerning an alleged public health threat. In this book, Kabat provides a much-needed antidote to what has been called "an epidemic of false claims."
Do cell phones cause brain cancer? Does BPA threaten our health? How safe are certain dietary supplements, especially those containing exotic herbs or small amounts of toxic substances? Is the HPV vaccine safe? We depend on science and medicine as never before, yet there is widespread misinformation and confusion, amplified by the media, regarding what influences our health. In Getting Risk Right, Geoffrey C. Kabat shows how science works-and sometimes doesn't-and what separates these two very different outcomes.
Kabat seeks to help us distinguish between claims that are supported by solid science and those that are the result of poorly designed or misinterpreted studies. By exploring different examples, he explains why certain risks are worth worrying about, while others are not. He emphasizes the variable quality of research in contested areas of health risks, as well as the professional, political, and methodological factors that can distort the research process. Drawing on recent systematic critiques of biomedical research and on insights from behavioral psychology, Getting Risk Right examines factors both internal and external to the science that can influence what results get attention and how questionable results can be used to support a particular narrative concerning an alleged public health threat. In this book, Kabat provides a much-needed antidote to what has been called "an epidemic of false claims."
List of Illustrations
Preface: Why Do Things That Are Unlikely to Harm Us Get the Most
Attention?
List of Abbreviations
1. The Illusion of Validity and the Power of "Negative
Thinking"
2. Splendors and Miseries of Associations
3. When Risk Goes Viral: Biases and Bandwagons
4. Do Cell Phones Cause Brain Cancer? A Tale of Two Sciences
5. Hormonal Confusion: The Contested Science of Endocrine
Disruption
6. Deadly Remedy: A Mysterious Disease, a Medicinal Herb, and the
Recognition of a Worldwide Public Health Threat
7. HPV, Cancer, and Beyond: The Anatomy of a Triumph
Conclusion
Appendix: List of Interviews
Notes
Glossary
Bibliography
Index
Geoffrey C. Kabat is a cancer epidemiologist and author of Hyping Health Risks: Environmental Hazards in Daily Life and the Science of Epidemiology (Columbia, 2008). He has published over 150 peer-reviewed scientific papers, as well as articles on health-related issues in Forbes, Slate, and elsewhere.
Geoffrey Kabat's vital, wide-ranging book cannot have arrived at a
more fortuitous time. As individuals and societies, we are
constantly asked to gauge risks—and we often do so hastily or
irrationally, with grave consequences. In Getting Risk Right, Kabat
provides a crucial framework to think about risks, biases, and
judgment. Everyone should read his analysis—at once clear-eyed,
thoughtful, and beautifully written—to understand the nature of
risk. I cannot overstate the importance of this book.
*Siddhartha Mukherjee, author of The Emperor of All
Maladies*
Some risks are real, while others are much feared and speculated
about, but of no portent. This important book by Geoffrey Kabat
shows how the science of studying risks can lead to major
discoveries that can improve the lives of millions by identifying
and validating risks that do matter; or can ruin lives by
propagating spurious, nonexistent risks in the public mind and in
the scientific literature. Getting Risk Right carefully surveys a
scientific field that is often the topic of hot debate and offers a
balanced presentation. It is a fascinating read.
*John Ioannidis, professor of medicine and health research and
policy, Stanford University*
Zika, Ebola, vaccines, dioxin, radon, black mold, environmental
toxins. The media constantly bombards us with stories about unseen
agents causing insidious harms. In Getting Risk Right, Geoffrey
Kabat uses four case studies—BPA, cell phones, the HPV vaccine, and
dietary supplements—to teach us not only whether these products are
harmful but also how to grade information. Using Kabat's method,
readers will be able to determine whether the next media-infused
risk is a real one. Filled with cartoons, case histories, literary
references, and fascinating asides, Getting Risk Right is the last
book you will ever need to read on this subject.
*Paul A. Offit, author of Autism's False Prophets*
Geoffrey Kabat's writing, as usual, is phenomenally clear and
expressive. His logical cadences are both airtight and a pleasure
to read. His insights into the workings and mis-workings of
science, the sociology of science, and the interplay of
personalities and organizations are penetrating and precise, and
above all original.
*Steven D. Stellman, professor of clinical epidemiology, Columbia
University Mailman School of Public Health*
What matters most? How can we use scientific findings intelligently
to set our public priorities? Through engaging anecdotes, and a
clear-eyed analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of scientific
work, Getting Risk Right helps us answer those questions. Perhaps
more importantly, Dr. Kabat enhances our understanding of how
science leads to action, and how we can better use science to
inform a more rational and productive public agenda.
*Sandro Galea, Dean, Boston University School of Public Health*
An important study that teaches how to decipher science and medical
news.
*Library Journal*
It is not easy feat to take complex issues and make them both
understandable, easily readable and interesting, but Kabat does
just that in Getting Risk Right. For people who are trying to sort
through the deluge of conflicting information that we see every
day, this book is a must.
*American Council on Science and Health*
[Kabat issues] a call to arms, urging his fellow scientists, policy
makers, and the media to rescue the science of environmental risks
from what he presents as its current sorry state. . . . [An]
insider’s dissection of the psychology of how environmental studies
are funded, reported, and interpreted by their authors and by
various audiences.
*Washington Post*
Excellent.... A potent antidote to the toxic misinformation
polluting our public health discourse.
*Reason*
This book will provide you with defensive armor against alarmist
headlines and it will help you judge the credibility of new
studies. Highly recommended.
*Science-Based Medicine*
This is an important book that can help people working in many
areas of health.
*Health Affairs*
[Getting Risk Right] presents important topics for consideration
and four fascinating and well-documented case studies. It is well
suited for use in an introductory epidemiology class, where
sections or chapters could be assigned as introductory reading by
in-depth discussion.
*Issues in Science and Technology*
An invaluable new book...useful for any individual teaching or
practicing in the health sciences, as well as individuals in
education and public health.
*Choice*
Highly readable and informative.
*Genetic Literacy Project*
A valiant attempt to help us distinguish between real advances and
unabashed efforts to scare us. If you are interested in penetrating
the massive confusion surrounding health risks in the environment,
this pithy book provides an indispensable primer.
*Science 2.0*
[An] excellent and informative book.
*Skeptical Inquirer*
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