David C. Cone, MD, Professor of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. Jane H. Brice, MD, MPH, Professor and Chair of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Theodore R. Delbridge, MD, MPH, Executive Director, Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems, Baltimore, Maryland. J. Brent Myers, MD, MPH, Chief Medical Officer, ESO, Associate Medical Director, Wake County EMS, Raleigh, North Carolina.

Contributors Foreword Preface About the Companion Site Volume I Chapter 1 History of Emergency Medical Services Jon R. Krohmer Section I: Airway Chapter 2 EMS Airway Management: System Considerations Francis X. Guyette and Henry E. Wang Chapter 3 Airway Procedures Jestin N. Carlson and Henry E. Wang Chapter 4 Airway Management: Special Situations Brendan Anzalone and Henry E. Wang Section II: Breathing Chapter 5 Respiratory Distress Matthew R. Neth and Mohamud R. Daya Chapter 6 Oxygenation and Ventilation Vincent N. Mosesso and Angus M. Jameson Section III: Circulation Chapter 7 Hypotension and Shock Francis X. Guyette, Raymond L. Fowler, and Ronald N. Roth Chapter 8 Vascular Access Bryan B. Kitch and Eric H. Beck Chapter 9 Chest Pain and Acute Coronary Syndromes Joseph P. Ornato, Michael R. Sayre, and James I. Syrett Chapter 10 Cardiac Dysrhythmias Christian C. Knutsen and Donald M. Yealy Chapter 11 Cardiac Procedures and Managing Technology Joanna L. Adams and David P. Thomson Chapter 12 Cardiac Arrest Systems of Care Bryan McNally, Paul Middleton, Marcus Ong, and Gayathri Devi Nadarajan Chapter 13 Cardiac Arrest: Clinical Management Jon C. Rittenberger and Vincent N. Mosesso, Jr. Section IV: Medical Problems Chapter 14 The Challenge of the Undifferentiated Patient Andrew Travers Chapter 15 Altered Mental Status Mariecely Luciano-Feijoó and Jefferson G. Williams Chapter 16 Syncope David J. Schoenwetter Chapter 17 Seizures J. Stephen Huff Chapter 18 Stroke Timothy P. Chizmar and Janelle M. Martin Chapter 19 Abdominal Pain Jeffrey D. Ferguson and Michael Ferras Chapter 20 Diabetic Emergencies Mariecely Luciano-Feijoó, José G. Cabañas, and Jane H. Brice Chapter 21 Allergic Reactions Debra G. Perina and Briana N. Tully Chapter 22 Renal Failure and Dialysis Jocelyn M. De Guzman and Bryan B. Kitch Chapter 23 Infectious and Communicable Diseases Russell D. MacDonald Chapter 24 Choking Gregory H. Gilbert Chapter 25 Submersion Injuries and Drowning Robert Lowe Section V: Trauma Problems Chapter 26 Trauma Systems of Care James E. Winslow Chapter 27 Blunt Trauma Considerations Sabina A. Braithwaite and Noah Bernhardson Chapter 28 Motor Vehicle Crashes Stewart C. Wang, Kristen Cunningham, Sven Holcombe, and Robert Kaufman Chapter 29 Penetrating Trauma Michelle Welsford and Clare Wallner Chapter 30 Traumatic Brain Injury Anjni Joiner Chapter 31 Electrical Injuries Jeffrey Lubin Chapter 32 Blast Injury Andre Pennardt and Emerson Franke Chapter 33 Thermal and Chemical Burns Richard Schwartz, Richard Cartie, Peter Bui, and Bradley Michael Golden Chapter 34 Crush Injury Roberto C. Portela and Nathan Roney Chapter 35 Hemorrhage Control Jeremiah Escajeda Chapter 36 Orthopedic Injuries Mary P. Mercer Chapter 37 Ocular Trauma Eric Hawkins and Joseph Blackwell Chapter 38 Bites, stings, and envenomations Adam Frisch, Andrew King, and Stephanie O. Frisch Chapter 39 Field Trauma Triage Matthew Cobb, Aaron Dix, and Scott M. Sasser Chapter 40 Trauma-Stabilizing Procedures Benjamin A. Smith Section VI: Obstetrics and Gynecology Problems Chapter 41 Physiology of Pregnancy Rickquel Tripp Chapter 42 Emergencies of Pregnancy Aiman Saleh and Joseph Grover Chapter 43 Normal Childbirth Stephanie A. Crapo and David A. Kranc Chapter 44 Childbirth Emergencies Angus M. Jameson and Micha Campbell Chapter 45 Perimortem Cesarean Section Christian Martin-Gill Section VII: Toxicological Problems Chapter 46 Principles of Toxicology Christine M. Murphy Chapter 47 Treatment and Evaluation of Specific Toxins Michael C. Beuhler Section VIII: Environmental Problems Chapter 48 Cold Exposure Illness and Injury Jonnathan Busko Chapter 49 Heat-Related Illness Gerald (Wook) Beltran Chapter 50 High Altitude Illnesses Hawnwan Philip Moy and Richard Benson II Chapter 51 Effects of Flight David P. Thomson and Joanna L. Adams Chapter 52 Diving Injury Katherine Couturier and Irfan Husain Section IX: Special Populations Chapter 53 The Special Needs of Children Susan Fuchs Chapter 54 Pediatric Medical Priorities Toni Gross and J. Joelle Donofrio-Odmann Chapter 55 Pediatric Trauma Priorities Jennifer N. Fishe Chapter 56 Technology-Dependent Children Sylvia Owusu-Ansah Chapter 57 Approach to the Geriatric Patient Michael Mancera, Michael Lohmeier, and Manish N. Shah Section X: Special Considerations Chapter 58 Behavioral Health Emergencies Jay H. Reich and Anthony T. Ng Chapter 59 Bariatric Patient Challenges Jeremy T. Cushman Chapter 60 Intimate Partner Violence Elizabeth A. Donnelly, Dana Levin, and Betty Jo Barrett Chapter 61 Sexual Assault Diane L. Miller and Karen Serrano Chapter 62 Child Maltreatment Deborah Flowers and Molly Berkoff Chapter 63 Human Trafficking Ronna G. Miller, Asha Tharayil, Brian L. Miller, and Brandon Morshedi Chapter 64 Ethical Challenges Dave W. Lu and James G. Adams Chapter 65 Death, Dying, and End of life Issues Jennifer Cook, Aaron Case, Shannon Appy, Joshua Lupton, and Terri A. Schmidt Chapter 66 Family and Bystanders Lynne Dees Chapter 67 Analgesia Richard A. Kamin and Mark X. Cicero Chapter 68 Point of Care Testing in EMS Alix JE Carter Chapter 69 Ultrasound Applications in the Prehospital Setting Danielle Levine and Rachel Liu Appendix Glossary Index Contributors Foreword Preface Volume II Section I: Principles of Oversight and Design Chapter 70 Medical Oversight of EMS Systems Michael Levy and John M. Gallagher Chapter 71 Principles of EMS System Design Mic Gunderson Chapter 72 Emergency Care Regionalization Andrew N. Hogan, Reagan Rosenberger, and Raymond L. Fowler Chapter 73 Telemedicine and Emerging Telecommunications Renoj Varughese, Kaori P. Tanaka, Susan J. Burnett, and Brian M. Clemency Chapter 74 Interfacility Transportation Ashley N. Huff, Jacob B. Keeperman, and Lesley Osborn Chapter 75 Air Medical Services Thomas Judge Section II: Human Resources Chapter 76 EMS Personnel Paul Rosenberger, Kathy J. Rinnert, Aditya Lulla, and Ray Fowler Chapter 77 Protection of EMS Personnel from Occupationally Acquired Infections Carin M. Van Gelder Chapter 78 Medical Surveillance of Emergency Response Personnel Mike McEvoy Chapter 79 EMS Clinician Wellness P. Daniel Patterson, Matthew D. Weaver, and David Hostler Chapter 80 Occupational Injury Prevention and Management P. Daniel Patterson, Matthew D. Weaver, David Hostler, and Deanna Colburn Chapter 81 Prevention and Intervention for Psychologically Stressful Events Richard Gist and Marc Kruse Chapter 82 EMS Practitioner Education Beth Lothrop Adams and Kim D. McKenna Section III: Legal and Legislation Chapter 83 Legal Issues W. Ann "Winnie Maggiore Chapter 84 Legislation, Regulation, and Ordinance Ritu Sahni and Brent Myers Chapter 85 Due Process E. Fremont Magee and Sarah M. Sette Chapter 86 Risk Management Raymond L. Fowler, Melanie Lippmann, Faroukh Mehkri, and James Atkins Chapter 87 Politics and Advocacy for the EMS Physician Ritu Sahni Section IV: Dispatch and Communications Chapter 88 Dispatch Ronald Roth and David C. Cone Chapter 89 Ambulance Safety Christopher A. Kahn Chapter 90 Communications Kevin McGinnis and Barry Luke Section V: Finance and Public Interfaces Chapter 91 Principles of Finance Paul Hinchey and Jeffrey M. Goodloe Chapter 92 State EMS Offices Douglas F. Kupas, Peter P. Taillac, and Lee B. Smith Chapter 93 EMS - Public Health Interface Robert P. Holman, Ryan B. Gerecht Chapter 94 EMS Physicians as Public Spokespersons Edward M. Racht and Jeff Beeson Section VI: Extraordinary Circumstances Chapter 95 Incident Command System and National Incident Management System Erin R. Hanlin and Kevin Schulz Chapter 96 Medical Management of Mass Gatherings John F. Brown, Joshua G. Smith, and Katie Tataris Chapter 97 Disaster Preparedness and Management Alexander P. Isakov, Ryan Carter, and Yuko Nakajima Chapter 98 The Federal Medical Response to Disasters Kevin Horahan and Scott Lee Chapter 99 Prehospital Triage for Mass Casualties E. Brooke Lerner, Richard B. Schwartz, Ryan Carter, and Kunal Chadha Chapter 100 Mass Casualty Management Daniel P. O'Donnell, Thomas A. Lardaro, and Mark Liao Chapter 101 Mass Casualty Evacuation and Patient Movement Joanne McGovern Chapter 102 Temporary Treatment Facilities Roy L. Alson and Christine S. Hall Section VII: Special Hazards Chapter 103 Medical Support for Hazardous Materials Response Thomas Blackwell, Craig DeAtley, and Allen Yee Chapter 104 Chemical Properties of Hazardous Materials Joshua B. Gaither and Robert N. E. French Chapter 105 Radiological and Nuclear Response John C. White Chapter 106 Weapons of Mass Destruction Adam Kaye and Jonathan L. Burstein Section VIII: Special Environments Chapter 107 Tactical Emergency Medical Support David K. Tan and Jeffrey E. Siegler Chapter 108 Technical Rescue, Confined Space, and Limited Access Situations David C. Cone Chapter 109 Care in the Wilderness Seth C. Hawkins, Michael G. Millin, William R. Smith Chapter 110 Mobile Integrated Health & Community Paramedicine Melissa Kroll and Kevin Munjal Section IX: Safety and Quality Chapter 111 Patient Safety Culture Blair L. Bigham, Brodie Nolan, and P. Daniel Patterson Chapter 112 The Evolution of Quality Concepts and Methods Remle P. Crowe Chapter 113 Defining, Measuring, and Improving Quality Scott S. Bourn, Kevin E. Mackey, and Michael Redlener Chapter 114 Information Systems Greg Mears Section X: Advancing Knowledge Chapter 115 EMS research basics E. Brooke Lerner, David C. Cone, and Donald M. Yealy Chapter 116 Informed Consent in EMS Research Lynn J. White Chapter 117 Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Research Brian Grunau, Karen Smith, and Ashish R. Panchal Chapter 118 Trauma Research Methodology Peter P. Taillac Chapter 119 Pediatric Research Methodology David Markenson, Lauren C. Riney, and Lorin R. Browne Chapter 120 Cost Analysis Research Maxwell Osei-Ampofo and Peter Agyei-Baffour Chapter 121 Statistical Concepts for Research in Emergency Medical Services Craig D. Newgard and Roger J. Lewis Appendix Glossary Index