Cost-effective strategies for designing novel drug delivery systems that target a broad range of disease conditions In vivo imaging has become an important tool for the development of new drug delivery systems, shedding new light on the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, bioavailability, local concentration, and clearance of drug substances for the treatment of human disease, most notably cancer. Written by a team of international experts, this book examines the use of quantitative imaging techniques in designing and evaluating novel drug delivery systems and applications. Drug Delivery Applications of Noninvasive Imaging offers a full arsenal of tested and proven methods, practices and guidance, enabling readers to overcome the many challenges in creating successful new drug delivery systems. The book begins with an introduction to molecular imaging. Next, it covers: * In vivo imaging techniques and quantitative analysis * Imaging drugs and drug carriers at the site of action, including low-molecular weight radiopharmaceuticals, peptides and proteins, siRNA, cells, and nanoparticles * Applications of imaging techniques in administration routes other than intravenous injection, such as pulmonary and oral delivery * Translational research leading to clinical applications * Imaging drug delivery in large animal models * Clinical applications of imaging techniques to guide drug development and drug delivery Chapters are based on a thorough review of the current literature as well as the authors' firsthand experience working with imaging techniques for the development of novel drug delivery systems. Presenting state-of-the-technology applications of imaging in preclinical and clinical evaluation of drug delivery systems, Drug Delivery Applications of Noninvasive Imaging offers cost-effective strategies to pharmaceutical researchers and students for developing drug delivery systems that accurately target a broad range of disease conditions.

CHUN LI, PhD, is Professor and Ad Interim Chief, Chemistry Section, in the Department of Cancer Systems Imaging at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. He is Associate Editor of Cancer Nanotechnology and a member of the editorial boards of American Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery. Dr. Li has more than 120 peer-reviewed publications and holds twenty-eight patents. MEI TIAN, MD, is Vice President of Hangzhou Binjiang Hospital and Professor of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine at The Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Dr. Tian is also an editorial consultant for The Lancet. She is a member of the editorial boards of Journal of Nuclear Medicine, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Nuclear Medicine Communications, and Oncology.

Preface ix contributors xi 1 Introduction to Molecular Imaging 1 Vikas Kundra 2 PET/SPECT: Instrumentation and Imaging Techniques 12 Yuan-Chuan Tai 3 Photoacoustic Tomography and Its Applications in Drug Delivery and Photothermal Therapy 45 Liang Song and Lihong V. Wang 4 Raman Microspectral Imaging for Label-Free Detection of Nanoparticle-Mediated Cellular and Subcellular Drug Delivery 70 Tatyana Chernenko, Lara Milane, Christian Matthäus, Max Diem, and Mansoor Amiji 5 A natomical and Functional MRI91 Edward F. Jackson 6 Quantitative Imaging in Drug Delivery 125 Kooresh I. Shoghi 7 PET Imaging of the Pharmacokinetics of Small Molecular-Weight Drugs 147 Stephen M. Moerlein and Zhude Tu 8 Imaging Peptides, Proteins, and Antibody Delivery 192 Frederik L. Giesel and Clemens Kratochwil 9 In Vivo Imaging and Delivery of siRNA199 Zdravka Medarova and Anna Moore 10 Imaging Cell Therapy 223 Yajie Liang and Jeff W. M. Bulte 11 Radiolabeled Liposomes as Drug Delivery Nanotheranostics 252 William T. Phillips, Ande Bao, Keitaro Sou, Shihong Li, and Beth Goins 12 Polymeric Micelles as Imaging Agents and Drug Delivery Systems 268 Jun Zhao and Chun Li 13 Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles: Translating Bench Opportunities to the Clinic 296 G. M. Lanza, P. M. Winter, S. D. Caruthers, A. H. Schmieder, and S. A. Wickline 14 Cancer Theranostics with Hollow Gold Nanospheres 308 Wei Lu and Chun Li 15 Imaging Pulmonary Drug Delivery 333 Stephen P. Newman 16 In Vivo Imaging for Validation of Oral Dose Performance 367 Fiona J. McInnes and Howard N. E. Stevens 17 Role of Large Animal Models in Translational Studies of Imaging and Targeted Drug Delivery 389 Rajesh K. Uthamanthil and Mei Tian 18 Imaging Transcatheter Delivery to Liver Tumors 412 Adil Al-Nahhas, Meeran Naji, and Imene Zerizer 19 Direct Visualization of Therapeutic Radionuclide Distribution Using Nuclear Medicine Imaging: I-131 in Metastatic Thyroid Carcinoma 426 Ho Young Lee, June-Key Chung, So Won Oh, Jong Jin Lee, Keon Wook Kang, Do Joon Park, Bo Youn Cho, and Myung Chul Lee 20 Imaging Drug Delivery to the CNS Using Translational Positron Emission Tomography Studies 432 Chi-Ming Lee, Katarina Varnäs, and Lars Farde Index 449